Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Elijah O. John
Editor: Dr. Michael O. Etim
Secretary/Editorial Assistant: Samuel Eno Inyang
Business/Production Manager: Dr. Anthony R. Etuk
Associate Editors
Dr. Nwachukwu M. Anyim
Dr. Dennis E. Igwe
Dr. Ubong Essien Umoh
Dr. Obioha Uwaezuoke Precious
Dr. Happiness Uduk
Dr. Chidimma S. Ikea
Dr. Christopher Udofia
Dr. Uwem Jonah Akpan
Editorial Consultants
Prof. Godfrey O. Ozumba, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Prof. Muyiwa Falaiye, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Prof. Isaac Ukpokolo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Prof. Paul Ogugua, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Prof. Ashong C. Ashong, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Mark O. Ikeke, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Prof. Aniekan S. Brown, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Olu Awofeso, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria
Prof. Gabriel E. Idang, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Idorenyin F. Esikot, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Christopher O. Akpan, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Prof. Ntiedo Umoren, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Bassey Ettah, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. T. V. Ogan, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Rev. Fr. Prof. Columbus N. Ogbujah, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
Prof. Paul Haaga, Nasarawa State University, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Prof. Peter F. Omonzejele, University of Benin, Nigeria
Prof. Richard Ajah, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Rev. Fr. Prof. Jude Onuoha, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Prof. Bernard Matolino, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Prof. Udoh Elijah Udom, Washington Adventist University, Washington DC
Prof. Rotimi Omosulu, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
Prof. Joseph A. Ushie, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Iniobong Daniel Umotong, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria
Prof. Effiong Johnson, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Nsikak Idiong, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Prof. Etim Frank, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Table of Contents
1. Artisanal Refineries in the Niger Delta and Nigeria's National Security, 1999-2009 By Esin Eminue, PhD, and Orlando Orlu Omubo-Dede, MA. - 1-14
2. Advancing Household Prosperity through the Policy of Social Protection Interventions in The Gambia: A Multi-Faceted Approach By Oyejide Felix Omotosho, PhD. - 15-26
3. Authoritarian Tendencies and Political Polarization within the Democratic Framework in Nigeria: The Fourth Republic in Perspective By Edoghogho Omoregie, MA and Philip Ikhanafe Imokha, PhD. - 27-36
4. Economic Growth in Oil-Exporting African Countries: The Interplay of Exchange Rate Volatility and Institutional Quality By Sesan Sunday Abere, PhD, and Kehinde Abimbola Ojo, MSc. - 37-48
5. Workplace Diversity Training and Employee Engagement in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria By Sylvester Omorogieva Uwadiae, PhD. - 49-62
6. The Roles of Political Party Finance of the APC and PDP on Electoral Performance of the Two Parties in the 2023 General Elections in Malumfashi Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria By Muhammad Muhammad, MSc, and Garba Ibrahim Jaba, NSc. - 63-74
7. Stephen Gardiner's Idea of Environmental Philosophy: Ethics, Justice, and the Tragedy of the Commons By Donatus Uzoma Okwara, PhD, Onyema Pauline Chinwendu, PhD, Declan Aguzie, PhD, Chukwukere Daniel Obioma, MA and Emmanuel Nwosu, PhD. - 75-84
8. Continuity of Embodied Ecology: From John Paul II to Francis and Pope Leo XIV By Thomas Onyebuchi Igwe, MA. - 85-94
9. The Grammar of the Good: Analysing the Logic of Moral Judgments By Wasilat Opeoluwa Lasisi, PhD. - 95-106
10. Adoption of Communication Strategies for Communal Conflict Mediation in North Central Nigeria By Oluwatobi Enitan Modeyin, MSc and Kelvin Inobemhe, MSc. - 107-120
11. A Study on the Factors Affecting the Prevention and Management - Seeking Behaviour of Childhood Disease in Nigeria By Yusuf Dambo, PhD. - 121-130
12. Socio-Cultural Determinants of Girl-Child Marriage in Benue State, Nigeria By Biola Olatundun Ibitoye, PhD, Samauel Abidemi Idowu, PhD, John Kayode Ekundayo, MA and Adebola David Ajide. - 131-140
13. The Effects of Polygyny Family Conflict on Family Cohesion in Moro LGA of Kwara State of Nigeria By Rasheedat Damilola Alanamu, MA, Abdulazeez Alao Adekola, PhD, Yusuf Olatunji Onimago, MA and Abdulraful Olayinka Balogun, MA. - 141-151
14. The Implications of Information Proliferation for Inter-Commununal Conflicts in Kwara State, Nigeria By Oluwaremi Elizabeth Sam-Oyegunle, MA, Saudat Salah Abdulbaqi, PhD, John Kayode Ekundayo, MA and Balogun Abdulrauf Olayinka - 152-165
15. Personalised and Group-Based Mastery Learning Strategies and Students' Academic Achievement in Chemistry in Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria By Michael Saviour Udoh, MEd, Alphonsus Onuabuchi Madu, PhD and Ime Akpan Udo, PhD. - 166-176
List of Contributors
Saudat Salah Abdulbaqi, PhD is a Professor of Communication in the Department of Communication at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Alphonsus Onuabuchi Madu, PhD, is a Professor of Science Education in the Department of Science Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Oyejide Felix Omotosho, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Political Science and International Relations and Diplomacy in the Department of Political Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of The Gambia.
Esin Eminue, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Social and Political History in the Department of History and International Studies, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Sylvester Omorogieva Uwadiae, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour in the University of Benin and a Senior Partner with Silmartech AR Ltd (Consultancy Services) in Warri, Nigeria.
Sesan Sunday Abere, PhD, is a Senior lecturer in the Department of Economics, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
Philip Ikhanafe Imokha, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Donatus Uzoma Okwara, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Federal University of Science and Technology, Imo State, Nigeria.
Onyema Pauline Chinwendu, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Federal University of Science and Technology, Imo State, Nigeria.
Declan Aguzie, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Federal University of Science and Technology, Imo State, Nigeria.
Chukwukere Daniel Obioma, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Emmanuel Nwosu, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of History at Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ideato, Imo State, Nigeria.
Yusuf Dambo, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Kaduna State University, Nigeria.
Wasilat Opeoluwa Lasisi, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Philosophy, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria.
Abdulazeez Alao Adekola, PhD is a Lecturer in the Centre for Peace and Security Studies, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria.
Biola Olatundun Ibitoye, PhD, is a Lecturer at the Centre for Peace and Strategic Studies, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Samauel Abidemi Idowu, PhD Centre for Peace and Strategic Studies, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ime Akpan Udo, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nnung Ukim, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Michael Saviour Udoh, MEd, is a Doctoral Scholar at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Yusuf Olatunji. Onimago, MA, is a Doctoral Scholar at the Centre for Peace and Security Studies, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria.
Kehinde Abimbola Ojo, MSc, is a Lecturer in the Department of Economics, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Edoghogho Omoregie, MA, is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Abdulraful Olayinka Balogun, MA, is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Oluwaremi Elizabeth Sam-Oyegunle, MA, is a Doctoral Scholar at the Centre for Peace and Security Studies, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria.
John Kayode Ekundayo, MA, is a Lecturer, Institute of Part-Time Studies, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State
Rasheedat Damilola Alanamu, MA, is a Doctoral Scholar at the Centre for Peace and Security Studies, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria.
Oluwatobi Enitan Modeyin, MSc, is a Doctoral Scholar in the Department of Mass Communication at Glorious Vision University, Ogwa, Nigeria.
Kelvin Inobemhe, MSc, is an Independent Researcher, Lagos, Nigeria.
Thomas Onyebuchi Igwe, MA, is a Doctoral Scholar in the Faculty of Arts, Business, Law, Education and Theology at St. Mary’s University, London, United Kingdom.
Orlando Orlu Omubo-Dede, MA, is a Doctoral Scholar in the Department of History and International Studies at the University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Muhammad Muhammad, MSc, is a Lecturer and a Doctoral Scholar in the Department of Political Science Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria.
Garba Ibrahim Jaba, MSc, is a Doctoral Scholar in the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.
Adebola David Ajide is a Chief Confidential Secretary at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Publication Date: 31st December, 2025
Esin Eminue, PhD, and Orlando Orlu Omubo-Dede, MA.
Edoghogho Omoregie, MA and Philip Ikhanafe Imokha, PhD.
Sesan Sunday Abere, PhD, and Kehinde Abimbola Ojo, MSc.
Sylvester Omorogieva Uwadiae, PhD.
Muhammad Muhammad, MSc, and Garba Ibrahim Jaba, NSc.
Donatus Uzoma Okwara, PhD, Onyema Pauline Chinwendu, PhD, Declan Aguzie, PhD, Chukwukere Daniel Obioma, MA and Emmanuel Nwosu, PhD.
Thomas Onyebuchi Igwe, MA.
Oluwatobi Enitan Modeyin, MSc and Kelvin Inobemhe, MSc.
Yusuf Dambo, PhD.
Biola Olatundun Ibitoye, PhD, Samauel Abidemi Idowu, PhD, John Kayode Ekundayo, MA and Adebola David Ajide.
Rasheedat Damilola Alanamu, MA, Abdulazeez Alao Adekola, PhD, Yusuf Olatunji Onimago, MA and Abdulraful Olayinka Balogun, MA.
Oluwaremi Elizabeth Sam-Oyegunle, MA, Saudat Salah Abdulbaqi, PhD, John Kayode Ekundayo, MA and Balogun Abdulrauf Olayinka
Michael Saviour Udoh, MEd, Alphonsus Onuabuchi Madu, PhD and Ime Akpan Udo, PhD.