METAPHYSICAL FREEDOM FROM THE PRISM OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE: A REFLECTION

By

Elijah Okon John

&

Idongesit Johnson Daniel

Department of Philosophy

University of Uyo, Nigeria

Abstract

This work on “Metaphysical Freedom from the Prism of J.P Sartre: A Reflection” sets to reflect on Sartre’s notion of metaphysical freedom and authentic existence. Sartre’s existentialist philosophy emphasizes the central role of metaphysical freedom in defining human existence. Metaphysical freedom is the inherent condition of human beings as radically free agents, unbound by any predetermined essence or nature. Sartre posits that inanimate objects or animals, unlike humans, are condemned to be free, meaning that they are thrust into the world without a given purpose and must define themselves through their actions and choices. This freedom, however, is both a source of empowerment and a burden, as it carries the responsibility of shaping one’s own identity and values without recourse to any absolute, external moral framework. Using the method of critical reflection, it becomes apparent in this paper that there is a big difference in Sartre’s understanding of freedom as an authentic existence. Authentic existence emerges from the acceptance and full acknowledgement of freedom. To live authentically, according to Sartre, is to embrace the absence of any predefined essence and it involves taking full responsibility for one’s choices, thereby creating oneself through acts of will. In contrast, inauthentic existence, or “bad faith” occurs when an individual denies or flees from this freedom, conforming to societal expectations or adopting false identities to escape the anxiety that comes with absolute freedom. Using method of critical reflection, this work investigates the philosophy of existentialism, which is a core philosophical tradition, in which Sartre understands his notion of freedom. This includes his notion of the selfsame subject. This work juxtaposes the same with metaphysical freedom and authentic existence and thus challenges individuals to live deliberately and intentionally, recognizing that their essence is not fixed but continually created through their decisions. This existentialist view invites a deep reflection on the nature of human freedom, responsibility, and the potential for living a life that is truly one’s own. The tension between the burden of freedom and the pursuit of authenticity underpins much of Sartre’s work, making his philosophy a compelling exploration of what it means to exist as a free and self-defining individual in a contingent world.